Updated README.md.

Added other TestableControls

README.md

@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ A utility library designed to simplify the development of FastHtml applications
 - **Dynamic HTML with HTMX**: Simplify dynamic interaction using attributes like `hx-post` and custom routes like
   `/commands`.
 - **Command management**: Write server-side logic in Python while abstracting the complexities of HTMX.
+- **Binding management**: Mechanism to bind two html element together.
 - **Control helpers**: Easily create reusable components like buttons.
-- **Predefined Pages (Roadmap)**: Include common pages like login, user management, and customizable dashboards.
+- **Login Pages**: Include common pages for login, user management, and customizable dashboards.
 
 > _**Note:** Support for state persistence is currently under construction._
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
 ```
 
-### Button with a Command
+### Use Commands
 
 ```python
 from fasthtml import serve
@@ -93,6 +94,23 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
 ---
 
+### Bind components
+
+```python
+@dataclass
+class Data:
+  value: str = "Hello World"
+  checked: bool = False
+
+# Binds an Input with a label
+mk.mk(Input(name="input_name"), binding=Binding(data, attr="value").htmx(trigger="input changed")),
+mk.mk(Label("Text"), binding=Binding(data, attr="value")),
+
+# Binds a checkbox with a labl
+mk.mk(Input(name="checked_name", type="checkbox"), binding=Binding(data, attr="checked")),
+mk.mk(Label("Text"), binding=Binding(data, attr="checked")),
+```
+
 ## Planned Features (Roadmap)
 
 ### Predefined Pages
@@ -148,6 +166,655 @@ Use the `get_htmx_params()` method to directly integrate commands into HTML comp
 
 ---
 
+## Testing
+
+### TestableElements
+
+#### TestableTextarea
+
+**Use case:** Multi-line text input
+
+**Methods:**
+
+- `send(value)` - Set the textarea value
+- `append(text)` - Append text to current value
+- `clear()` - Clear the textarea
+
+**Example:**
+
+```python
+def test_textarea_binding(user, rt):
+  @rt("/")
+  def index():
+    data = Data("Initial text")
+    textarea = Textarea(name="message")
+    label = Label()
+    
+    mk.manage_binding(textarea, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    
+    return textarea, label
+  
+  user.open("/")
+  textarea = user.find_element("textarea")
+  
+  textarea.send("New message")
+  user.should_see("New message")
+  
+  textarea.append("\nMore text")
+  user.should_see("New message\nMore text")
+  
+  textarea.clear()
+  user.should_see("")
+```
+
+#### TestableSelect
+
+**Use case:** Dropdown selection
+
+**Properties:**
+
+- `is_multiple` - Check if multiple selection is enabled
+- `options` - List of available options
+
+**Methods:**
+
+- `select(value)` - Select option by value
+- `select_by_text(text)` - Select option by visible text
+- `deselect(value)` - Deselect option (multiple select only)
+
+**Example (Single Select):**
+
+```python
+def test_select_binding(user, rt):
+  @rt("/")
+  def index():
+    data = Data("option1")
+    select = Select(
+      Option("First", value="option1"),
+      Option("Second", value="option2"),
+      Option("Third", value="option3"),
+      name="choice"
+    )
+    label = Label()
+    
+    mk.manage_binding(select, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    
+    return select, label
+  
+  user.open("/")
+  select_elt = user.find_element("select")
+  
+  select_elt.select("option2")
+  user.should_see("option2")
+  
+  select_elt.select_by_text("Third")
+  user.should_see("option3")
+```
+
+**Example (Multiple Select):**
+
+```python
+def test_multiple_select_binding(user, rt):
+  @rt("/")
+  def index():
+    data = ListData(["option1"])
+    select = Select(
+      Option("First", value="option1"),
+      Option("Second", value="option2"),
+      Option("Third", value="option3"),
+      name="choices",
+      multiple=True
+    )
+    label = Label()
+    
+    mk.manage_binding(select, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    
+    return select, label
+  
+  user.open("/")
+  select_elt = user.find_element("select")
+  
+  select_elt.select("option2")
+  user.should_see("['option1', 'option2']")
+  
+  select_elt.deselect("option1")
+  user.should_see("['option2']")
+```
+
+#### TestableRange
+
+**Use case:** Slider input
+
+**Properties:**
+
+- `min_value` - Minimum value
+- `max_value` - Maximum value
+- `step` - Step increment
+
+**Methods:**
+
+- `set(value)` - Set slider to specific value (auto-clamped)
+- `increase()` - Increase by one step
+- `decrease()` - Decrease by one step
+
+**Example:**
+
+```python
+def test_range_binding(user, rt):
+  @rt("/")
+  def index():
+    data = NumericData(50)
+    range_input = Input(
+      type="range",
+      name="volume",
+      min="0",
+      max="100",
+      step="10",
+      value="50"
+    )
+    label = Label()
+    
+    mk.manage_binding(range_input, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    
+    return range_input, label
+  
+  user.open("/")
+  slider = user.find_element("input[type='range']")
+  
+  slider.set(75)
+  user.should_see("75")
+  
+  slider.increase()
+  user.should_see("85")
+  
+  slider.decrease()
+  user.should_see("75")
+```
+
+#### TestableRadio
+
+**Use case:** Radio button (mutually exclusive options)
+
+**Properties:**
+
+- `radio_value` - The value attribute of this radio
+- `is_checked` - Check if this radio is selected
+
+**Methods:**
+
+- `select()` - Select this radio button
+
+**Example:**
+
+```python
+def test_radio_binding(user, rt):
+  @rt("/")
+  def index():
+    data = Data("option1")
+    
+    radio1 = Input(type="radio", name="choice", value="option1", checked=True)
+    radio2 = Input(type="radio", name="choice", value="option2")
+    radio3 = Input(type="radio", name="choice", value="option3")
+    label = Label()
+    
+    mk.manage_binding(radio1, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(radio2, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(radio3, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    
+    return radio1, radio2, radio3, label
+  
+  user.open("/")
+  
+  radio2 = user.find_element("input[value='option2']")
+  radio2.select()
+  user.should_see("option2")
+  
+  radio3 = user.find_element("input[value='option3']")
+  radio3.select()
+  user.should_see("option3")
+```
+
+#### TestableButton
+
+**Use case:** Clickable button with HTMX
+
+**Properties:**
+
+- `text` - Visible text of the button
+
+**Methods:**
+
+- `click()` - Click the button (triggers HTMX if configured)
+
+**Example:**
+
+```python
+def test_button_binding(user, rt):
+  @rt("/")
+  def index():
+    data = Data("initial")
+    button = Button(
+      "Click me",
+      hx_post="/update",
+      hx_vals='{"action": "clicked"}'
+    )
+    label = Label()
+    
+    mk.manage_binding(button, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    
+    return button, label
+  
+  @rt("/update")
+  def update(action: str):
+    data = Data("updated")
+    label = Label()
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    return label
+  
+  user.open("/")
+  
+  button = user.find_element("button")
+  button.click()
+  user.should_see("updated")
+```
+
+#### TestableDatalist
+
+**Use case:** Input with autocomplete suggestions (combobox)
+
+**Properties:**
+
+- `suggestions` - List of available suggestions
+
+**Methods:**
+
+- `send(value)` - Set input value (any value, not restricted to suggestions)
+- `select_suggestion(value)` - Select a value from suggestions
+
+**Example:**
+
+```python
+def test_datalist_binding(user, rt):
+  @rt("/")
+  def index():
+    data = Data("")
+    
+    datalist = Datalist(
+      Option(value="apple"),
+      Option(value="banana"),
+      Option(value="cherry"),
+      id="fruits"
+    )
+    input_elt = Input(name="fruit", list="fruits")
+    label = Label()
+    
+    mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    
+    return input_elt, datalist, label
+  
+  user.open("/")
+  
+  input_with_list = user.find_element("input[list='fruits']")
+  
+  # Free text input
+  input_with_list.send("mango")
+  user.should_see("mango")
+  
+  # Select from suggestions
+  input_with_list.select_suggestion("banana")
+  user.should_see("banana")
+```
+
+## CSS Selectors for Finding Elements
+
+When using `user.find_element()`, use these selectors:
+
+| Component      | Selector Example                                       |
+|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
+| Input (text)   | `"input[name='field_name']"` or `"input[type='text']"` |
+| Checkbox       | `"input[type='checkbox']"`                             |
+| Radio          | `"input[type='radio']"` or `"input[value='option1']"`  |
+| Range          | `"input[type='range']"`                                |
+| Textarea       | `"textarea"` or `"textarea[name='field_name']"`        |
+| Select         | `"select"` or `"select[name='field_name']"`            |
+| Button         | `"button"` or `"button.primary"`                       |
+| Datalist Input | `"input[list='datalist_id']"`                          |
+
+## Binding
+
+### Overview
+
+This package contains everything needed to implement a complete binding system for FastHTML components.
+
+### Fully Supported Components Summary
+
+| Component         | Testable Class   | Binding Support |
+|-------------------|------------------|-----------------|
+| Input (text)      | TestableInput    | ✅               |
+| Checkbox          | TestableCheckbox | ✅               |
+| Textarea          | TestableTextarea | ✅               |
+| Select (single)   | TestableSelect   | ✅               |
+| Select (multiple) | TestableSelect   | ✅               |
+| Range (slider)    | TestableRange    | ✅               |
+| Radio buttons     | TestableRadio    | ✅               |
+| Button            | TestableButton   | ✅               |
+| Input + Datalist  | TestableDatalist | ✅               |
+
+### Supported Components
+
+#### 1. Input (Text)
+
+```python
+# Methods
+input.send(value)
+
+# Binding modes
+- ValueChange(default)
+- Text
+updates
+trigger
+data
+changes
+```
+
+#### 2. Checkbox
+
+```python
+# Methods
+checkbox.check()
+checkbox.uncheck()
+checkbox.toggle()
+
+# Binding modes
+- AttributePresence
+- Boolean
+data
+binding
+```
+
+#### 3. Textarea
+
+```python
+# Methods
+textarea.send(value)
+textarea.append(text)
+textarea.clear()
+
+# Binding modes
+- ValueChange
+- Multi - line
+text
+support
+```
+
+#### 4. Select (Single)
+
+```python
+# Methods
+select.select(value)
+select.select_by_text(text)
+
+# Properties
+select.options  # List of available options
+select.is_multiple  # False for single select
+
+# Binding modes
+- ValueChange
+- String
+value
+binding
+```
+
+#### 5. Select (Multiple)
+
+```python
+# Methods
+select.select(value)
+select.deselect(value)
+select.select_by_text(text)
+
+# Properties
+select.options
+select.is_multiple  # True for multiple select
+
+# Binding modes
+- ValueChange
+- List
+data
+binding
+```
+
+#### 6. Range (Slider)
+
+```python
+# Methods
+range.set(value)  # Auto-clamps to min/max
+range.increase()
+range.decrease()
+
+# Properties
+range.min_value
+range.max_value
+range.step
+
+# Binding modes
+- ValueChange
+- Numeric
+data
+binding
+```
+
+#### 7. Radio Buttons
+
+```python
+# Methods
+radio.select()
+
+# Properties
+radio.radio_value  # Value attribute
+radio.is_checked
+
+# Binding modes
+- ValueChange
+- String
+value
+binding
+- Mutually
+exclusive
+group
+behavior
+```
+
+#### 8. Button
+
+```python
+# Methods
+button.click()
+
+# Properties
+button.text  # Visible button text
+
+# Binding modes
+- Triggers
+HTMX
+requests
+- Can
+update
+bindings
+via
+server
+response
+```
+
+#### 9. Input + Datalist (Combobox)
+
+```python
+# Methods
+datalist.send(value)  # Any value
+datalist.select_suggestion(value)  # From suggestions
+
+# Properties
+datalist.suggestions  # Available options
+
+# Binding modes
+- ValueChange
+- Hybrid: free
+text + suggestions
+```
+
+### Architecture Overview
+
+#### Three-Phase Binding Lifecycle
+
+```python
+# Phase 1: Create (inactive)
+binding = Binding(data, "value")
+
+# Phase 2: Configure + Activate
+binding.bind_ft(element, name="input", attr="value")
+
+# Phase 3: Deactivate (cleanup)
+binding.deactivate()
+```
+
+#### Data Flow
+
+```
+User Input → HTMX Component → HTMX Request → Binding.update()
+                                                       ↓
+                                             setattr(data, attr, value)
+                                                       ↓
+                                                Observable triggers
+                                                       ↓
+                                                Binding.notify()
+                                                       ↓
+                                              Update all bound UI elements
+```
+
+### Quick Reference
+
+#### Creating a Binding
+
+```python
+# Simple binding
+binding = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(
+  Input(name="input"),
+  name="input",
+  attr="value"
+)
+
+# With detection and update modes
+binding = Binding(data, "checked").bind_ft(
+  Input(type="checkbox", name="check"),
+  name="check",
+  attr="checked",
+  detection_mode=DetectionMode.AttributePresence,
+  update_mode=UpdateMode.AttributePresence
+)
+
+# With data converter
+binding = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(
+  Input(type="checkbox", name="check"),
+  name="check",
+  attr="checked",
+  data_converter=BooleanConverter()
+)
+```
+
+#### Testing a Component
+
+```python
+def test_component_binding(user, rt):
+  @rt("/")
+  def index():
+    data = Data("initial")
+    component = Component(name="field")
+    label = Label()
+    
+    mk.manage_binding(component, Binding(data))
+    mk.manage_binding(label, Binding(data))
+    
+    return component, label
+  
+  user.open("/")
+  user.should_see("initial")
+  
+  testable = user.find_element("selector")
+  testable.method("new value")
+  user.should_see("new value")
+```
+
+#### Managing Binding Lifecycle
+
+```python
+# Create
+binding = Binding(data, "value")
+
+# Activate (via bind_ft)
+binding.bind_ft(element, name="field")
+
+# Deactivate
+binding.deactivate()
+
+# Reactivate with new element
+binding.bind_ft(new_element, name="field")
+```
+
+### Pattern 1: Bidirectional Binding
+
+All components support bidirectional binding:
+
+- UI changes update the data object
+- Data object changes update the UI (via Label or other bound components)
+
+```python
+input_elt = Input(name="field")
+label_elt = Label()
+
+mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
+mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+
+# Change via UI
+testable_input.send("new value")
+# Label automatically updates to show "new value"
+```
+
+### Pattern 2: Multiple Components, Same Data
+
+Multiple different components can bind to the same data:
+
+```python
+input_elt = Input(name="input")
+textarea_elt = Textarea(name="textarea")
+label_elt = Label()
+
+# All bind to the same data object
+mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
+mk.manage_binding(textarea_elt, Binding(data))
+mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+
+# Changing any component updates all others
+```
+
+### Pattern 3: Component Without Name
+
+Components without a name attribute won't trigger updates but won't crash:
+
+```python
+input_elt = Input()  # No name attribute
+label_elt = Label()
+
+mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+# Input won't trigger updates, but label will still display data
+```
+
 ## Contributing
 
 We welcome contributions! To get started:
@@ -226,6 +893,41 @@ Predefined login page that provides a UI template ready for integration.
 
 No custom exceptions defined yet. (Placeholder for future use.)
 
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Issue: "No element found matching selector"
+
+**Cause:** Incorrect CSS selector or element not in DOM
+
+**Solution:** Check the HTML output and adjust selector
+
+```python
+# Debug: Print the HTML
+print(user.get_content())
+
+# Try different selectors
+user.find_element("textarea")
+user.find_element("textarea[name='message']")
+```
+
+### Issue: TestableControl has no attribute 'send'
+
+**Cause:** Wrong testable class returned by factory
+
+**Solution:** Verify factory method is updated correctly
+
+### Issue: AttributeError on TestableTextarea
+
+**Cause:** Class not properly inheriting from TestableControl
+
+**Solution:** Check class hierarchy and imports
+
+### Issue: Select options not found
+
+**Cause:** `_update_fields()` not parsing select correctly
+
+**Solution:** Verify TestableElement properly parses select/option tags
+
 ## Relase History
 
 * 0.1.0 : First release

src/myfasthtml/controls/helpers.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from fasthtml.components import *
 
-from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding, BooleanConverter, DetectionMode, UpdateMode
 from myfasthtml.core.commands import Command
-from myfasthtml.core.utils import merge_classes, get_default_ft_attr
+from myfasthtml.core.utils import merge_classes, get_default_ft_attr, is_checkbox
 
 
 class mk:
@@ -37,16 +37,28 @@ class mk:
   
   @staticmethod
   def manage_binding(ft, binding: Binding):
-    if binding:
+    if not binding:
-      # update the component to post on the correct route
+      return ft
+    
+    if ft.tag in ["input"]:
+      # update the component to post on the correct route input and forms only
       htmx = binding.get_htmx_params()
       ft.attrs |= htmx
-      
-      # update the binding with the ft
-      ft_attr = binding.ft_attr or get_default_ft_attr(ft)
-      ft_name = ft.attrs.get("name")
-      binding.bind_ft(ft, ft_name, ft_attr)  # force the ft
     
+    # update the binding with the ft
+    ft_attr = binding.ft_attr or get_default_ft_attr(ft)
+    ft_name = ft.attrs.get("name")
+    
+    if is_checkbox(ft):
+      data_converter = BooleanConverter()
+      detection_mode = DetectionMode.AttributePresence
+      update_mode = UpdateMode.AttributePresence
+    else:
+      data_converter = None
+      detection_mode = None
+      update_mode = None
+    
+    binding.bind_ft(ft, ft_name, ft_attr, data_converter, detection_mode, update_mode)  # force the ft
     return ft
   
   @staticmethod

src/myfasthtml/core/bindings.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import logging
 import uuid
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Optional, Any
 
 from fasthtml.fastapp import fast_app
-from myutils.observable import make_observable, bind, collect_return_values
+from myutils.observable import make_observable, bind, collect_return_values, unbind
 
 from myfasthtml.core.constants import Routes, ROUTE_ROOT
 from myfasthtml.core.utils import get_default_attr
@@ -105,44 +105,34 @@ class BooleanConverter(DataConverter):
 
 
 class Binding:
-  def __init__(self, data,
+  def __init__(self, data: Any, attr: str = None):
-               attr=None,
-               data_converter: DataConverter = None,
-               ft=None,
-               ft_name=None,
-               ft_attr=None,
-               detection_mode: DetectionMode = DetectionMode.ValueChange,
-               update_mode: UpdateMode = UpdateMode.ValueChange):
     """
-    Creates a new binding object between a data object used as a pivot and an HTML element.
+    Creates a new binding object between a data object and an HTML element.
-      The same pivot object must be used for different bindings.
+    The binding is not active until bind_ft() is called.
-      This will allow the binding between the HTML elements
+
-      
+    Args:
-    :param data: object used as a pivot
+        data: Object used as a pivot
-    :param attr: attribute of the data object
+        attr: Attribute of the data object to bind
-    :param ft: HTML element to bind to
-    :param ft_name: name of the HTML element to bind to (send by the form)
-    :param ft_attr: value of the attribute to bind to (send by the form)
     """
     self.id = uuid.uuid4()
     self.htmx_extra = {}
     self.data = data
     self.data_attr = attr or get_default_attr(data)
-    self.data_converter = data_converter
-    self.ft = self._safe_ft(ft)
-    self.ft_name = ft_name
-    self.ft_attr = ft_attr
-    self.detection_mode = detection_mode
-    self.update_mode = update_mode
     
-    self._detection = self._factory(detection_mode)
+    # UI-related attributes (configured later via bind_ft)
-    self._update = self._factory(update_mode)
+    self.ft = None
+    self.ft_name = None
+    self.ft_attr = None
+    self.data_converter = None
+    self.detection_mode = DetectionMode.ValueChange
+    self.update_mode = UpdateMode.ValueChange
     
-    make_observable(self.data)
+    # Strategy objects (configured later)
-    bind(self.data, self.data_attr, self.notify)
+    self._detection = None
+    self._update = None
     
-    # register the command
+    # Activation state
-    BindingsManager.register(self)
+    self._is_active = False
   
   def bind_ft(self,
               ft,
@@ -152,25 +142,43 @@ class Binding:
               detection_mode: DetectionMode = None,
               update_mode: UpdateMode = None):
     """
-    Update the elements to bind to
+    Configure the UI element and activate the binding.
-    :param ft:
+
-    :param name:
+    Args:
-    :param attr:
+        ft: HTML element to bind to
-    :param data_converter:
+        name: Name of the HTML element (sent by the form)
-    :param detection_mode:
+        attr: Attribute of the HTML element to bind to
-    :param update_mode:
+        data_converter: Optional converter for data transformation
-    :return:
+        detection_mode: How to detect changes from UI
+        update_mode: How to update the UI element
+
+    Returns:
+        self for method chaining
     """
+    # Deactivate if already active
+    if self._is_active:
+      self.deactivate()
+    
+    # Configure UI elements
     self.ft = self._safe_ft(ft)
     self.ft_name = name
-    self.ft_attr = attr or self.ft_attr
+    self.ft_attr = attr
-    self.data_converter = data_converter or self.data_converter
-    self.detection_mode = detection_mode or self.detection_mode
-    self.update_mode = update_mode or self.update_mode
     
+    # Update optional parameters if provided
+    if data_converter is not None:
+      self.data_converter = data_converter
+    if detection_mode is not None:
+      self.detection_mode = detection_mode
+    if update_mode is not None:
+      self.update_mode = update_mode
+    
+    # Create strategy objects
     self._detection = self._factory(self.detection_mode)
     self._update = self._factory(self.update_mode)
     
+    # Activate the binding
+    self.activate()
+    
     return self
   
   def get_htmx_params(self):
@@ -180,6 +188,21 @@ class Binding:
     }
   
   def notify(self, old, new):
+    """
+    Callback when the data attribute changes.
+    Updates the UI element accordingly.
+
+    Args:
+        old: Previous value
+        new: New value
+
+    Returns:
+        Updated ft element
+    """
+    if not self._is_active:
+      logger.warning(f"Binding '{self.id}' received notification but is not active")
+      return None
+    
     logger.debug(f"Binding '{self.id}': Changing from '{old}' to '{new}'")
     self.ft = self._update.update(self.ft, self.ft_name, self.ft_attr, old, new)
     
@@ -198,6 +221,53 @@ class Binding:
       logger.debug(f"Nothing to trigger in {values}.")
       return None
   
+  def activate(self):
+    """
+    Activate the binding by setting up observers and registering it.
+    Should only be called after the binding is fully configured.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the binding is not fully configured
+    """
+    if self._is_active:
+      logger.warning(f"Binding '{self.id}' is already active")
+      return
+    
+    # Validate configuration
+    self._validate_configuration()
+    
+    # Setup observable
+    make_observable(self.data)
+    bind(self.data, self.data_attr, self.notify)
+    
+    # Register in manager
+    BindingsManager.register(self)
+    
+    # Mark as active
+    self._is_active = True
+    
+    logger.debug(f"Binding '{self.id}' activated for {self.data_attr}")
+  
+  def deactivate(self):
+    """
+    Deactivate the binding by removing observers and unregistering it.
+    Can be called multiple times safely.
+    """
+    if not self._is_active:
+      logger.debug(f"Binding '{self.id}' is not active, nothing to deactivate")
+      return
+    
+    # Remove observer
+    unbind(self.data, self.data_attr, self.notify)
+    
+    # Unregister from manager
+    BindingsManager.unregister(self.id)
+    
+    # Mark as inactive
+    self._is_active = False
+    
+    logger.debug(f"Binding '{self.id}' deactivated")
+  
   @staticmethod
   def _safe_ft(ft):
     """
@@ -228,6 +298,25 @@ class Binding:
     else:
       raise ValueError(f"Invalid detection mode: {mode}")
   
+  def _validate_configuration(self):
+    """
+    Validate that the binding is fully configured before activation.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If required configuration is missing
+    """
+    if self.ft is None:
+      raise ValueError(f"Binding '{self.id}': ft element is required")
+    
+    # if self.ft_name is None:
+    #   raise ValueError(f"Binding '{self.id}': ft_name is required")
+    
+    if self._detection is None:
+      raise ValueError(f"Binding '{self.id}': detection strategy not initialized")
+    
+    if self._update is None:
+      raise ValueError(f"Binding '{self.id}': update strategy not initialized")
+  
   def htmx(self, trigger=None):
     if trigger:
       self.htmx_extra["hx-trigger"] = trigger
@@ -241,6 +330,17 @@ class BindingsManager:
   def register(binding: Binding):
     BindingsManager.bindings[str(binding.id)] = binding
   
+  @staticmethod
+  def unregister(binding_id: str):
+    """
+    Unregister a binding from the manager.
+
+    Args:
+        binding_id: ID of the binding to unregister
+    """
+    if str(binding_id) in BindingsManager.bindings:
+      del BindingsManager.bindings[str(binding_id)]
+  
   @staticmethod
   def get_binding(binding_id: str) -> Optional[Binding]:
     return BindingsManager.bindings.get(str(binding_id))

src/myfasthtml/core/utils.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import logging
 
+from bs4 import Tag
+from fastcore.xml import FT
 from fasthtml.fastapp import fast_app
 from starlette.routing import Mount, Route
 
 from myfasthtml.core.constants import Routes, ROUTE_ROOT
+from myfasthtml.test.MyFT import MyFT
 
 utils_app, utils_rt = fast_app()
 logger = logging.getLogger("Commands")
@@ -101,6 +104,15 @@ def get_default_attr(data):
   return next(iter(all_attrs))
 
 
+def is_checkbox(elt):
+  if isinstance(elt, (FT, MyFT)):
+    return elt.tag == "input" and elt.attrs.get("type", None) == "checkbox"
+  elif isinstance(elt, Tag):
+    return elt.name == "input" and elt.attrs.get("type", None) == "checkbox"
+  else:
+    return False
+
+
 @utils_rt(Routes.Commands)
 def post(session: str, c_id: str):
   """

src/myfasthtml/test/MyFT.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MyFT:
+  tag: str
+  attrs: dict
+  children: list['MyFT'] = field(default_factory=list)
+  text: str | None = None

src/myfasthtml/test/testclient.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-import dataclasses
 import json
 import uuid
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Self
 
 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Tag
@@ -11,6 +9,7 @@ from starlette.responses import Response
 from starlette.testclient import TestClient
 
 from myfasthtml.core.utils import mount_utils
+from myfasthtml.test.MyFT import MyFT
 
 verbs = {
     'hx_get': 'GET',
@@ -21,14 +20,6 @@ verbs = {
 }
 
 
-@dataclass
-class MyFT:
-  tag: str
-  attrs: dict
-  children: list['MyFT'] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
-  text: str | None = None
-
-
 class TestableElement:
   """
   Represents an HTML element that can be interacted with in tests.
@@ -845,6 +836,452 @@ class TestableCheckbox(TestableControl):
     return self._send_value()
 
 
+class TestableTextarea(TestableControl):
+  """
+  Represents a textarea element that can be interacted with in tests.
+
+  Textareas are similar to text inputs but support multi-line text.
+  """
+  
+  def __init__(self, client, source):
+    """
+    Initialize a testable textarea.
+
+    Args:
+        client: The MyTestClient instance.
+        source: The source HTML or BeautifulSoup Tag.
+    """
+    # Parse as textarea element
+    super().__init__(client, source, "textarea")
+  
+  def send(self, value):
+    """
+    Set the textarea value and trigger HTMX update if configured.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The text value to set (can be multi-line string).
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    self.fields[self.name] = value
+    return self._send_value()
+  
+  def append(self, text):
+    """
+    Append text to the current textarea value.
+
+    Args:
+        text: Text to append.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    current_value = self.fields.get(self.name, '')
+    self.fields[self.name] = current_value + text
+    return self._send_value()
+  
+  def clear(self):
+    """
+    Clear the textarea content.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    self.fields[self.name] = ''
+    return self._send_value()
+
+
+class TestableSelect(TestableControl):
+  """
+  Represents a select dropdown element that can be interacted with in tests.
+
+  Supports both single and multiple selection modes.
+  """
+  
+  def __init__(self, client, source):
+    """
+    Initialize a testable select element.
+
+    Args:
+        client: The MyTestClient instance.
+        source: The source HTML or BeautifulSoup Tag.
+    """
+    # Parse as select element
+    super().__init__(client, source, "select")
+    self._is_multiple = self.my_ft.attrs.get('multiple') is not None
+  
+  @property
+  def is_multiple(self):
+    """Check if this is a multiple selection dropdown."""
+    return self._is_multiple
+  
+  @property
+  def options(self):
+    """
+    Get all available options for this select.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of dicts with 'value' and 'text' keys.
+    """
+    return self.select_fields.get(self.name, [])
+  
+  def select(self, value):
+    """
+    Select an option by value.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The value of the option to select (not the text).
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the value is not in the available options.
+    """
+    # Validate the value exists in options
+    available_values = [opt['value'] for opt in self.options]
+    if value not in available_values:
+      raise ValueError(
+        f"Value '{value}' not found in select options. "
+        f"Available values: {available_values}"
+      )
+    
+    if self.is_multiple:
+      # For multiple select, value should be a list
+      current = self.fields.get(self.name, [])
+      if not isinstance(current, list):
+        current = [current] if current else []
+      if value not in current:
+        current.append(value)
+      self.fields[self.name] = current
+    else:
+      # For single select, just set the value
+      self.fields[self.name] = value
+    
+    return self._send_value()
+  
+  def select_by_text(self, text):
+    """
+    Select an option by its visible text.
+
+    Args:
+        text: The visible text of the option to select.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the text is not found in options.
+    """
+    # Find the value corresponding to this text
+    for option in self.options:
+      if option['text'] == text:
+        return self.select(option['value'])
+    
+    raise ValueError(
+      f"Option with text '{text}' not found. "
+      f"Available texts: {[opt['text'] for opt in self.options]}"
+    )
+  
+  def deselect(self, value):
+    """
+    Deselect an option (only for multiple selects).
+
+    Args:
+        value: The value of the option to deselect.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If called on a non-multiple select.
+    """
+    if not self.is_multiple:
+      raise ValueError("Cannot deselect on a single-select dropdown")
+    
+    current = self.fields.get(self.name, [])
+    if not isinstance(current, list):
+      current = [current] if current else []
+    
+    if value in current:
+      current.remove(value)
+      self.fields[self.name] = current
+      return self._send_value()
+    
+    return None
+
+
+class TestableRange(TestableControl):
+  """
+  Represents a range input (slider) that can be interacted with in tests.
+  """
+  
+  def __init__(self, client, source):
+    """
+    Initialize a testable range input.
+
+    Args:
+        client: The MyTestClient instance.
+        source: The source HTML or BeautifulSoup Tag.
+    """
+    super().__init__(client, source, "input")
+    
+    # Extract min, max, step from attributes
+    self._min = float(self.my_ft.attrs.get('min', 0))
+    self._max = float(self.my_ft.attrs.get('max', 100))
+    self._step = float(self.my_ft.attrs.get('step', 1))
+  
+  @property
+  def min_value(self):
+    """Get the minimum value of the range."""
+    return self._min
+  
+  @property
+  def max_value(self):
+    """Get the maximum value of the range."""
+    return self._max
+  
+  @property
+  def step(self):
+    """Get the step increment of the range."""
+    return self._step
+  
+  def set(self, value):
+    """
+    Set the range value.
+
+    Args:
+        value: Numeric value to set (will be clamped to min/max).
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    # Clamp value to valid range
+    value = max(self._min, min(self._max, float(value)))
+    
+    # Round to nearest step
+    value = round((value - self._min) / self._step) * self._step + self._min
+    
+    self.fields[self.name] = value
+    return self._send_value()
+  
+  def increase(self):
+    """
+    Increase the range value by one step.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    current = float(self.fields.get(self.name, self._min))
+    return self.set(current + self._step)
+  
+  def decrease(self):
+    """
+    Decrease the range value by one step.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    current = float(self.fields.get(self.name, self._min))
+    return self.set(current - self._step)
+
+
+class TestableRadio(TestableControl):
+  """
+  Represents a radio button input that can be interacted with in tests.
+
+  Note: Radio buttons with the same name form a group where only one
+  can be selected at a time.
+  """
+  
+  def __init__(self, client, source):
+    """
+    Initialize a testable radio button.
+
+    Args:
+        client: The MyTestClient instance.
+        source: The source HTML or BeautifulSoup Tag.
+    """
+    super().__init__(client, source, "input")
+    self._radio_value = self.my_ft.attrs.get('value', '')
+  
+  @property
+  def radio_value(self):
+    """Get the value attribute of this radio button."""
+    return self._radio_value
+  
+  @property
+  def is_checked(self):
+    """Check if this radio button is currently selected."""
+    return self.fields.get(self.name) == self._radio_value
+  
+  def select(self):
+    """
+    Select this radio button.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    self.fields[self.name] = self._radio_value
+    return self._send_value()
+
+
+class TestableButton(TestableElement):
+  """
+  Represents a button element that can be clicked in tests.
+
+  Buttons can trigger HTMX requests or form submissions.
+  """
+  
+  def __init__(self, client, source):
+    """
+    Initialize a testable button.
+
+    Args:
+        client: The MyTestClient instance.
+        source: The source HTML or BeautifulSoup Tag.
+    """
+    super().__init__(client, source, "button")
+  
+  @property
+  def text(self):
+    """Get the visible text of the button."""
+    return self.element.get_text(strip=True)
+  
+  def click(self):
+    """
+    Click the button and trigger any associated HTMX request.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    if self._support_htmx():
+      return self._send_htmx_request()
+    return None
+
+
+class TestableDatalist(TestableControl):
+  """
+  Represents an input with datalist (autocomplete/combobox) that can be
+  interacted with in tests.
+
+  This is essentially an input that can show suggestions from a datalist.
+  """
+  
+  def __init__(self, client, source):
+    """
+    Initialize a testable input with datalist.
+
+    Args:
+        client: The MyTestClient instance.
+        source: The source HTML or BeautifulSoup Tag.
+    """
+    super().__init__(client, source, "input")
+    
+    # Find associated datalist
+    list_id = self.my_ft.attrs.get('list')
+    self._datalist_options = []
+    
+    if list_id:
+      # Parse the full HTML to find the datalist
+      soup = BeautifulSoup(self.html_fragment, 'html.parser')
+      datalist = soup.find('datalist', id=list_id)
+      
+      if datalist:
+        for option in datalist.find_all('option'):
+          option_value = option.get('value', option.get_text(strip=True))
+          self._datalist_options.append(option_value)
+  
+  @property
+  def suggestions(self):
+    """
+    Get all available suggestions from the datalist.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of suggestion values.
+    """
+    return self._datalist_options
+  
+  def send(self, value):
+    """
+    Set the input value (can be any value, not restricted to suggestions).
+
+    Args:
+        value: The value to set.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+    """
+    self.fields[self.name] = value
+    return self._send_value()
+  
+  def select_suggestion(self, value):
+    """
+    Select a value from the datalist suggestions.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The suggestion value to select.
+
+    Returns:
+        Response from HTMX request if applicable, None otherwise.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the value is not in the suggestions.
+    """
+    if value not in self._datalist_options:
+      raise ValueError(
+        f"Value '{value}' not found in datalist suggestions. "
+        f"Available: {self._datalist_options}"
+      )
+    
+    return self.send(value)
+
+
+# Update the TestableElement factory method
+# This should be added to the MyTestClient._testable_element_factory method
+
+def _testable_element_factory_extended(client, elt):
+  """
+  Extended factory method for creating appropriate Testable* instances.
+
+  This should replace or extend the existing _testable_element_factory method
+  in MyTestClient.
+
+  Args:
+      client: The MyTestClient instance.
+      elt: BeautifulSoup Tag element.
+
+  Returns:
+      Appropriate Testable* instance based on element type.
+  """
+  if elt.name == "input":
+    input_type = elt.get("type", "text").lower()
+    
+    if input_type == "checkbox":
+      return TestableCheckbox(client, elt)
+    elif input_type == "radio":
+      return TestableRadio(client, elt)
+    elif input_type == "range":
+      return TestableRange(client, elt)
+    elif elt.get("list"):  # Input with datalist
+      return TestableDatalist(client, elt)
+    else:
+      return TestableInput(client, elt)
+  
+  elif elt.name == "textarea":
+    return TestableTextarea(client, elt)
+  
+  elif elt.name == "select":
+    return TestableSelect(client, elt)
+  
+  elif elt.name == "button":
+    return TestableButton(client, elt)
+  
+  else:
+    return TestableElement(client, elt, elt.name)
+
+
 #   def get_value(tag):
 #     """Return the current user-facing value of an HTML input-like element."""
 #     if tag.name == 'input':
@@ -1157,10 +1594,38 @@ class MyTestClient:
     return self
   
   def _testable_element_factory(self, elt):
+    """
+    Factory method for creating appropriate Testable* instances.
+
+    Args:
+        elt: BeautifulSoup Tag element.
+
+    Returns:
+        Appropriate Testable* instance based on element type.
+    """
     if elt.name == "input":
-      if elt.get("type") == "checkbox":
+      input_type = elt.get("type", "text").lower()
+      
+      if input_type == "checkbox":
         return TestableCheckbox(self, elt)
-      return TestableInput(self, elt)
+      elif input_type == "radio":
+        return TestableRadio(self, elt)
+      elif input_type == "range":
+        return TestableRange(self, elt)
+      elif elt.get("list"):  # Input with datalist
+        return TestableDatalist(self, elt)
+      else:
+        return TestableInput(self, elt)
+    
+    elif elt.name == "textarea":
+      return TestableTextarea(self, elt)
+    
+    elif elt.name == "select":
+      return TestableSelect(self, elt)
+    
+    elif elt.name == "button":
+      return TestableButton(self, elt)
+    
     else:
       return TestableElement(self, elt, elt.name)
   

tests/controls/test_helpers.py

@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
+
 import pytest
 from fasthtml.components import *
 from fasthtml.fastapp import fast_app
 
 from myfasthtml.controls.helpers import mk
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding
 from myfasthtml.core.commands import Command
 from myfasthtml.test.matcher import matches
 from myfasthtml.test.testclient import MyTestClient
 
 
+@dataclass
+class Data:
+  value: Any
+
+
 @pytest.fixture()
 def user():
   test_app, rt = fast_app(default_hdrs=False)
@@ -46,3 +55,37 @@ def test_i_can_mk_button_with_command(user, rt):
   
   user.find_element("button").click()
   user.should_see("this is my new value")
+
+
+class TestingBindings:
+  @pytest.fixture()
+  def data(self):
+    return Data("value")
+  
+  def test_i_can_bind_an_input(self, data):
+    elt = Input(name="input_elt", value="hello")
+    binding = Binding(data, "value")
+    elt = mk.manage_binding(elt, binding)
+    
+    # element is updated
+    assert "hx-post" in elt.attrs
+    assert "hx-vals" in elt.attrs
+    assert "b_id" in elt.attrs["hx-vals"]
+    
+    # binding is also updated
+    assert binding.ft == elt
+    assert binding.ft_name == "input_elt"
+    
+  def test_i_can_bind_none_input(self, data):
+    elt = Label("hello", name="input_elt")
+    binding = Binding(data, "value")
+    elt = mk.manage_binding(elt, binding)
+    
+    # element is updated
+    assert "hx-post" not in elt.attrs
+    assert "hx-get" not in elt.attrs
+    
+    # binding is also updated
+    assert binding.ft == elt
+    assert binding.ft_name == "input_elt"
+    

tests/core/test_bindings.py

@@ -4,7 +4,13 @@ import pytest
 from fasthtml.components import Label, Input
 from myutils.observable import collect_return_values
 
-from myfasthtml.core.bindings import BindingsManager, Binding, DetectionMode
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import (
+  BindingsManager,
+  Binding,
+  DetectionMode,
+  UpdateMode,
+  BooleanConverter
+)
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -39,12 +45,15 @@ def test_i_can_register_a_binding_with_default_attr(data):
 
 
 def test_i_can_retrieve_a_registered_binding(data):
-  binding = Binding(data)
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  binding = Binding(data).bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
+  
   assert BindingsManager.get_binding(binding.id) is binding
 
 
 def test_i_can_reset_bindings(data):
-  Binding(data)
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  Binding(data).bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
   assert len(BindingsManager.bindings) != 0
   
   BindingsManager.reset()
@@ -53,7 +62,7 @@ def test_i_can_reset_bindings(data):
 
 def test_i_can_bind_an_element_to_a_binding(data):
   elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
-  Binding(data, ft=elt)
+  Binding(data).bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
   
   data.value = "new value"
   
@@ -63,9 +72,9 @@ def test_i_can_bind_an_element_to_a_binding(data):
 
 
 def test_i_can_bind_an_element_attr_to_a_binding(data):
-  elt = Input(value="somme value", id="input_id")
+  elt = Input(value="some value", id="input_id")
   
-  Binding(data, ft=elt, ft_attr="value")
+  Binding(data).bind_ft(elt, name="input_name", attr="value")
   
   data.value = "new value"
   
@@ -78,13 +87,13 @@ def test_bound_element_has_an_id():
   elt = Label("hello")
   assert elt.attrs.get("id", None) is None
   
-  Binding(Data(), ft=elt)
+  Binding(Data()).bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
   assert elt.attrs.get("id", None) is not None
 
 
 def test_i_can_collect_updates_values(data):
   elt = Label("hello")
-  Binding(data, ft=elt)
+  Binding(data).bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
   
   data.value = "new value"
   collected = collect_return_values(data)
@@ -98,7 +107,7 @@ def test_i_can_collect_updates_values(data):
 
 def test_i_can_react_to_value_change(data):
   elt = Input(name="input_elt", value="hello")
-  binding = Binding(data, ft=elt, ft_name="input_elt", ft_attr="value")
+  binding = Binding(data).bind_ft(elt, name="input_elt", attr="value")
   
   res = binding.update({"input_elt": "new value"})
   
@@ -107,7 +116,7 @@ def test_i_can_react_to_value_change(data):
 
 def test_i_do_not_react_to_other_value_change(data):
   elt = Input(name="input_elt", value="hello")
-  binding = Binding(data, ft=elt, ft_name="input_elt", ft_attr="value")
+  binding = Binding(data).bind_ft(elt, name="input_elt", attr="value")
   
   res = binding.update({"other_input_elt": "new value"})
   
@@ -116,8 +125,12 @@ def test_i_do_not_react_to_other_value_change(data):
 
 def test_i_can_react_to_attr_presence(data):
   elt = Input(name="input_elt", type="checkbox")
-  binding = Binding(data, ft=elt, ft_name="input_elt", ft_attr="checked",
+  binding = Binding(data).bind_ft(
-                    detection_mode=DetectionMode.AttributePresence)
+    elt,
+    name="input_elt",
+    attr="checked",
+    detection_mode=DetectionMode.AttributePresence
+  )
   
   res = binding.update({"checked": "true"})
   
@@ -126,9 +139,251 @@ def test_i_can_react_to_attr_presence(data):
 
 def test_i_can_react_to_attr_non_presence(data):
   elt = Input(name="input_elt", type="checkbox")
-  binding = Binding(data, ft=elt, ft_name="input_elt", ft_attr="checked",
+  binding = Binding(data).bind_ft(
-                    detection_mode=DetectionMode.AttributePresence)
+    elt,
+    name="input_elt",
+    attr="checked",
+    detection_mode=DetectionMode.AttributePresence
+  )
   
   res = binding.update({})
   
   assert len(res) == 1
+
+
+def test_i_can_create_a_binding_without_activation(data):
+  """
+  A binding created without calling bind_ft should not be active.
+  """
+  binding = Binding(data, "value")
+  
+  assert binding._is_active is False
+  assert binding.ft is None
+  assert binding.ft_name is None
+  assert binding.ft_attr is None
+  assert BindingsManager.get_binding(binding.id) is None
+
+
+def test_i_can_activate_binding_via_bind_ft(data):
+  """
+  Calling bind_ft should automatically activate the binding.
+  """
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  binding = Binding(data, "value")
+  
+  binding.bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
+  
+  assert binding._is_active is True
+  assert binding.ft is elt
+  assert binding.ft_name == "label_name"
+  assert BindingsManager.get_binding(binding.id) is binding
+
+
+def test_i_cannot_notify_when_not_active(data):
+  """
+  A non-active binding should not update the UI when data changes.
+  """
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  binding = Binding(data, "value")
+  binding.ft = elt
+  binding.ft_name = "label_name"
+  
+  # Change data without activating the binding
+  result = binding.notify("old", "new")
+  
+  assert result is None
+  assert elt.children[0] == "hello"  # Should not have changed
+
+
+def test_i_can_deactivate_a_binding(data):
+  """
+  Deactivating a binding should clean up observers and unregister it.
+  """
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  binding = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
+  
+  assert binding._is_active is True
+  assert BindingsManager.get_binding(binding.id) is binding
+  
+  binding.deactivate()
+  
+  assert binding._is_active is False
+  assert BindingsManager.get_binding(binding.id) is None
+
+
+def test_i_can_reactivate_a_binding(data):
+  """
+  After deactivation, a binding can be reactivated by calling bind_ft again.
+  """
+  elt1 = Label("hello", id="label_id_1")
+  binding = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(elt1, name="label_name_1")
+  
+  binding.deactivate()
+  assert binding._is_active is False
+  
+  elt2 = Label("world", id="label_id_2")
+  binding.bind_ft(elt2, name="label_name_2")
+  
+  assert binding._is_active is True
+  assert binding.ft is elt2
+  assert binding.ft_name == "label_name_2"
+
+
+def test_bind_ft_deactivates_before_reconfiguring(data):
+  """
+  Calling bind_ft on an active binding should deactivate it first,
+  then reconfigure and reactivate.
+  """
+  elt1 = Label("hello", id="label_id_1")
+  elt2 = Label("world", id="label_id_2")
+  
+  binding = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(elt1, name="label_name_1")
+  
+  # Change data to verify old binding works
+  data.value = "updated"
+  assert elt1.children[0] == "updated"
+  
+  # Reconfigure with new element
+  binding.bind_ft(elt2, name="label_name_2")
+  
+  # Change data again
+  data.value = "final"
+  
+  # Old element should not update
+  assert elt1.children[0] == "updated"
+  
+  # New element should update
+  assert elt2.children[0] == "final"
+
+
+def test_deactivate_can_be_called_multiple_times(data):
+  """
+  Calling deactivate multiple times should be safe (idempotent).
+  """
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  binding = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
+  
+  binding.deactivate()
+  binding.deactivate()  # Should not raise an error
+  binding.deactivate()  # Should not raise an error
+  
+  assert binding._is_active is False
+
+
+def test_i_cannot_activate_without_configuration(data):
+  """
+  Calling activate directly without proper configuration should raise ValueError.
+  """
+  binding = Binding(data, "value")
+  
+  with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="ft element is required"):
+    binding.activate()
+
+
+def test_activation_validates_ft_name(data):
+  """
+  Activation should fail if ft_name is not configured.
+  """
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  binding = Binding(data, "value")
+  binding.ft = elt
+  binding._detection = binding._factory(DetectionMode.ValueChange)
+  binding._update = binding._factory(UpdateMode.ValueChange)
+  
+  with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="ft_name is required"):
+    binding.activate()
+
+
+def test_activation_validates_strategies(data):
+  """
+  Activation should fail if detection/update strategies are not initialized.
+  """
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  binding = Binding(data, "value")
+  binding.ft = elt
+  binding.ft_name = "label_name"
+  
+  with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="detection strategy not initialized"):
+    binding.activate()
+
+
+def test_i_can_chain_bind_ft_calls(data):
+  """
+  bind_ft should return self for method chaining.
+  """
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  
+  binding = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
+  
+  assert isinstance(binding, Binding)
+  assert binding._is_active is True
+
+
+def test_bind_ft_updates_optional_parameters(data):
+  """
+  bind_ft should update optional parameters if provided.
+  """
+  elt = Input(name="input_elt", type="checkbox")
+  
+  binding = Binding(data, "value")
+  
+  binding.bind_ft(
+    elt,
+    name="input_elt",
+    attr="checked",
+    data_converter=BooleanConverter(),
+    detection_mode=DetectionMode.AttributePresence,
+    update_mode=UpdateMode.AttributePresence
+  )
+  
+  assert binding.detection_mode == DetectionMode.AttributePresence
+  assert binding.update_mode == UpdateMode.AttributePresence
+  assert isinstance(binding.data_converter, BooleanConverter)
+
+
+def test_deactivated_binding_does_not_update_on_data_change(data):
+  """
+  After deactivation, changes to data should not update the UI element.
+  """
+  elt = Label("hello", id="label_id")
+  binding = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(elt, name="label_name")
+  
+  # Verify it works when active
+  data.value = "first update"
+  assert elt.children[0] == "first update"
+  
+  # Deactivate
+  binding.deactivate()
+  
+  # Change data - element should NOT update
+  data.value = "second update"
+  assert elt.children[0] == "first update"
+
+
+def test_multiple_bindings_can_coexist(data):
+  """
+  Multiple bindings can be created and managed independently.
+  """
+  elt1 = Label("hello", id="label_id_1")
+  elt2 = Input(value="world", id="input_id_2")
+  
+  binding1 = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(elt1, name="label_name")
+  binding2 = Binding(data, "value").bind_ft(elt2, name="input_name", attr="value")
+  
+  assert len(BindingsManager.bindings) == 2
+  assert binding1._is_active is True
+  assert binding2._is_active is True
+  
+  # Change data - both should update
+  data.value = "updated"
+  assert elt1.children[0] == "updated"
+  assert elt2.attrs["value"] == "updated"
+  
+  # Deactivate one
+  binding1.deactivate()
+  assert len(BindingsManager.bindings) == 1
+  
+  # Change data - only binding2 should update
+  data.value = "final"
+  assert elt1.children[0] == "updated"  # Not changed
+  assert elt2.attrs["value"] == "final"  # Changed

tests/test_integration.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class TestingBindings:
       data = Data("hello world")
       input_elt = Input(name="input_name")
       label_elt = Label()
-      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data, ft_attr="value"))
+      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
       mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
       return input_elt, label_elt
     
@@ -85,10 +85,7 @@ class TestingBindings:
       data = Data(True)
       input_elt = Input(name="input_name", type="checkbox")
       label_elt = Label()
-      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data, ft_attr="checked",
+      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
-                                           detection_mode=DetectionMode.AttributePresence,
-                                           update_mode=UpdateMode.AttributePresence,
-                                           data_converter=BooleanConverter()))
       mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
       return input_elt, label_elt
     
@@ -101,3 +98,4 @@ class TestingBindings:
     
     testable_input.uncheck()
     user.should_see("False")
+

tests/testclient/test_teastable_radio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""
+Comprehensive binding tests for all bindable FastHTML components.
+
+This test suite covers:
+- Input (text) - already tested
+- Checkbox - already tested
+- Textarea
+- Select (single)
+- Select (multiple)
+- Range (slider)
+- Radio buttons
+- Button
+- Input with Datalist (combobox)
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import pytest
+from fasthtml.components import (
+  Input, Label
+)
+from fasthtml.fastapp import fast_app
+
+from myfasthtml.controls.helpers import mk
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding
+from myfasthtml.test.testclient import MyTestClient
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Data:
+  value: str = "hello world"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def test_app():
+  test_app, rt = fast_app(default_hdrs=False)
+  return test_app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def rt(test_app):
+  return test_app.route
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def user(test_app):
+  return MyTestClient(test_app)
+
+
+class TestBindingRadio:
+  """Tests for binding Radio button components."""
+  
+  def test_i_can_bind_radio_buttons(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Radio buttons should bind with data.
+    Selecting a radio should update the label.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("option1")
+      radio1 = Input(type="radio", name="radio_name", value="option1", checked=True)
+      radio2 = Input(type="radio", name="radio_name", value="option2")
+      radio3 = Input(type="radio", name="radio_name", value="option3")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(radio1, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(radio2, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(radio3, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return radio1, radio2, radio3, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("option1")
+    
+    # Select second radio
+    testable_radio2 = user.find_element("input[value='option2']")
+    testable_radio2.select()
+    user.should_see("option2")
+    
+    # Select third radio
+    testable_radio3 = user.find_element("input[value='option3']")
+    testable_radio3.select()
+    user.should_see("option3")
+  
+  def test_radio_initial_state(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Radio buttons should initialize with correct checked state.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("option2")
+      radio1 = Input(type="radio", name="radio_name", value="option1")
+      radio2 = Input(type="radio", name="radio_name", value="option2", checked=True)
+      radio3 = Input(type="radio", name="radio_name", value="option3")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(radio1, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(radio2, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(radio3, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return radio1, radio2, radio3, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("option2")

tests/testclient/test_testable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+"""
+Comprehensive binding tests for all bindable FastHTML components.
+
+This test suite covers:
+- Input (text) - already tested
+- Checkbox - already tested
+- Textarea
+- Select (single)
+- Select (multiple)
+- Range (slider)
+- Radio buttons
+- Button
+- Input with Datalist (combobox)
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from fasthtml.components import (
+  Input, Label, Textarea
+)
+
+from myfasthtml.controls.helpers import mk
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Data:
+  value: str = "hello world"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class NumericData:
+  value: int = 50
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BoolData:
+  value: bool = True
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ListData:
+  value: list = None
+  
+  def __post_init__(self):
+    if self.value is None:
+      self.value = []
+
+
+class TestBindingEdgeCases:
+  """Tests for edge cases and special scenarios."""
+  
+  def test_multiple_components_bind_to_same_data(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Multiple different components can bind to the same data object.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("synchronized")
+      
+      input_elt = Input(name="input_name")
+      textarea_elt = Textarea(name="textarea_name")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(textarea_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return input_elt, textarea_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("synchronized")
+    
+    # Change via input
+    testable_input = user.find_element("input")
+    testable_input.send("changed via input")
+    user.should_see("changed via input")
+    
+    # Change via textarea
+    testable_textarea = user.find_element("textarea")
+    testable_textarea.send("changed via textarea")
+    user.should_see("changed via textarea")
+  
+  def test_component_without_name_attribute(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Component without name attribute should handle gracefully.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("test")
+      # Input without name - should not crash
+      input_elt = Input()  # No name attribute
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return input_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("test")
+  
+  def test_binding_with_initial_empty_string(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Binding should work correctly with empty string initial values.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("")
+      input_elt = Input(name="input_name")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return input_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    
+    testable_input = user.find_element("input")
+    testable_input.send("now has value")
+    user.should_see("now has value")
+  
+  def test_binding_with_special_characters(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Binding should handle special characters correctly.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("Hello")
+      input_elt = Input(name="input_name")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return input_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    
+    testable_input = user.find_element("input")
+    testable_input.send("Special: <>&\"'")
+    user.should_see("Special: <>&\"'")

tests/testclient/test_testable_button.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""
+Comprehensive binding tests for all bindable FastHTML components.
+
+This test suite covers:
+- Input (text) - already tested
+- Checkbox - already tested
+- Textarea
+- Select (single)
+- Select (multiple)
+- Range (slider)
+- Radio buttons
+- Button
+- Input with Datalist (combobox)
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from fasthtml.components import (
+  Label, Button
+)
+
+from myfasthtml.controls.helpers import mk
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Data:
+  value: str = "hello world"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class NumericData:
+  value: int = 50
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BoolData:
+  value: bool = True
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ListData:
+  value: list = None
+  
+  def __post_init__(self):
+    if self.value is None:
+      self.value = []
+
+
+class TestBindingButton:
+  """Tests for binding Button components."""
+  
+  def test_i_can_click_button_with_binding(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Clicking a button with HTMX should trigger binding updates.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("initial")
+      button_elt = Button("Click me", hx_post="/update", hx_vals='{"action": "clicked"}')
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(button_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return button_elt, label_elt
+    
+    @rt("/update")
+    def update(action: str):
+      data = Data("button clicked")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("initial")
+    
+    testable_button = user.find_element("button")
+    testable_button.click()
+    user.should_see("button clicked")
+  
+  def test_button_without_htmx_does_nothing(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Button without HTMX should not trigger updates.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("initial")
+      button_elt = Button("Plain button")  # No HTMX
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(button_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return button_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("initial")
+    
+    testable_button = user.find_element("button")
+    result = testable_button.click()
+    assert result is None  # No HTMX, no response

tests/testclient/test_testable_datalist.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""
+Comprehensive binding tests for all bindable FastHTML components.
+
+This test suite covers:
+- Input (text) - already tested
+- Checkbox - already tested
+- Textarea
+- Select (single)
+- Select (multiple)
+- Range (slider)
+- Radio buttons
+- Button
+- Input with Datalist (combobox)
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from fasthtml.components import (
+  Input, Label, Option, Datalist
+)
+
+from myfasthtml.controls.helpers import mk
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Data:
+  value: str = "hello world"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class NumericData:
+  value: int = 50
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BoolData:
+  value: bool = True
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ListData:
+  value: list = None
+  
+  def __post_init__(self):
+    if self.value is None:
+      self.value = []
+
+
+class TestBindingDatalist:
+  """Tests for binding Input with Datalist (combobox)."""
+  
+  def test_i_can_bind_input_with_datalist(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Input with datalist should allow both free text and suggestions.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("")
+      datalist = Datalist(
+        Option(value="suggestion1"),
+        Option(value="suggestion2"),
+        Option(value="suggestion3"),
+        id="suggestions"
+      )
+      input_elt = Input(
+        name="input_name",
+        list="suggestions"
+      )
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return input_elt, datalist, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("")
+    
+    testable_input = user.find_element("input[list='suggestions']")
+    
+    # Can type free text
+    testable_input.send("custom value")
+    user.should_see("custom value")
+    
+    # Can select from suggestions
+    testable_input.select_suggestion("suggestion2")
+    user.should_see("suggestion2")
+  
+  def test_datalist_suggestions_are_available(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Datalist suggestions should be accessible for validation.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("")
+      datalist = Datalist(
+        Option(value="apple"),
+        Option(value="banana"),
+        Option(value="cherry"),
+        id="fruits"
+      )
+      input_elt = Input(
+        name="input_name",
+        list="fruits"
+      )
+      label_elt = Label()
+      
+      mk.manage_binding(input_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      
+      return input_elt, datalist, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    
+    testable_input = user.find_element("input[list='fruits']")
+    
+    # Check that suggestions are available
+    suggestions = testable_input.suggestions
+    assert "apple" in suggestions
+    assert "banana" in suggestions
+    assert "cherry" in suggestions

tests/testclient/test_testable_select.py

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+"""
+Comprehensive binding tests for all bindable FastHTML components.
+
+This test suite covers:
+- Input (text) - already tested
+- Checkbox - already tested
+- Textarea
+- Select (single)
+- Select (multiple)
+- Range (slider)
+- Radio buttons
+- Button
+- Input with Datalist (combobox)
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from fasthtml.components import (
+  Label, Select, Option
+)
+
+from myfasthtml.controls.helpers import mk
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Data:
+  value: str = "hello world"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class NumericData:
+  value: int = 50
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BoolData:
+  value: bool = True
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ListData:
+  value: list = None
+  
+  def __post_init__(self):
+    if self.value is None:
+      self.value = []
+
+
+class TestBindingSelect:
+  """Tests for binding Select components (single selection)."""
+  
+  def test_i_can_bind_select_single(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Single select should bind with data.
+    Selecting an option should update the label.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("option1")
+      select_elt = Select(
+        Option("Option 1", value="option1"),
+        Option("Option 2", value="option2"),
+        Option("Option 3", value="option3"),
+        name="select_name"
+      )
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(select_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return select_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("option1")
+    
+    testable_select = user.find_element("select")
+    testable_select.select("option2")
+    user.should_see("option2")
+    
+    testable_select.select("option3")
+    user.should_see("option3")
+  
+  def test_i_can_bind_select_by_text(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Selecting by visible text should work with binding.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("opt1")
+      select_elt = Select(
+        Option("First Option", value="opt1"),
+        Option("Second Option", value="opt2"),
+        Option("Third Option", value="opt3"),
+        name="select_name"
+      )
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(select_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return select_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("opt1")
+    
+    testable_select = user.find_element("select")
+    testable_select.select_by_text("Second Option")
+    user.should_see("opt2")
+  
+  def test_select_with_default_selected_option(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Select with a pre-selected option should initialize correctly.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("option2")
+      select_elt = Select(
+        Option("Option 1", value="option1"),
+        Option("Option 2", value="option2", selected=True),
+        Option("Option 3", value="option3"),
+        name="select_name"
+      )
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(select_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return select_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("option2")
+
+
+class TestBindingSelectMultiple:
+  """Tests for binding Select components with multiple selection."""
+  
+  def test_i_can_bind_select_multiple(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Multiple select should bind with list data.
+    Selecting multiple options should update the label.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = ListData(["option1"])
+      select_elt = Select(
+        Option("Option 1", value="option1"),
+        Option("Option 2", value="option2"),
+        Option("Option 3", value="option3"),
+        name="select_name",
+        multiple=True
+      )
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(select_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return select_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("['option1']")
+    
+    testable_select = user.find_element("select")
+    testable_select.select("option2")
+    user.should_see("['option1', 'option2']")
+    
+    testable_select.select("option3")
+    user.should_see("['option1', 'option2', 'option3']")
+  
+  def test_i_can_deselect_from_multiple_select(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Deselecting options from multiple select should update binding.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = ListData(["option1", "option2"])
+      select_elt = Select(
+        Option("Option 1", value="option1"),
+        Option("Option 2", value="option2"),
+        Option("Option 3", value="option3"),
+        name="select_name",
+        multiple=True
+      )
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(select_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return select_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("['option1', 'option2']")
+    
+    testable_select = user.find_element("select")
+    testable_select.deselect("option1")
+    user.should_see("['option2']")

tests/testclient/test_testable_textarea.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+"""
+Comprehensive binding tests for all bindable FastHTML components.
+
+This test suite covers:
+- Input (text) - already tested
+- Checkbox - already tested
+- Textarea
+- Select (single)
+- Select (multiple)
+- Range (slider)
+- Radio buttons
+- Button
+- Input with Datalist (combobox)
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from fasthtml.components import (
+  Label, Textarea
+)
+
+from myfasthtml.controls.helpers import mk
+from myfasthtml.core.bindings import Binding
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Data:
+  value: str = "hello world"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class NumericData:
+  value: int = 50
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BoolData:
+  value: bool = True
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ListData:
+  value: list = None
+  
+  def __post_init__(self):
+    if self.value is None:
+      self.value = []
+
+
+class TestBindingTextarea:
+  """Tests for binding Textarea components."""
+  
+  def test_i_can_bind_textarea(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Textarea should bind bidirectionally with data.
+    Value changes should update the label.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("Initial text")
+      textarea_elt = Textarea(name="textarea_name")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(textarea_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return textarea_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("Initial text")
+    
+    testable_textarea = user.find_element("textarea")
+    testable_textarea.send("New multiline\ntext content")
+    user.should_see("New multiline\ntext content")
+  
+  def test_i_can_bind_textarea_with_empty_initial_value(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Textarea with empty initial value should update correctly.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("")
+      textarea_elt = Textarea(name="textarea_name")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(textarea_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return textarea_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("")  # Empty initially
+    
+    testable_textarea = user.find_element("textarea")
+    testable_textarea.send("First content")
+    user.should_see("First content")
+  
+  def test_textarea_append_works_with_binding(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Appending text to textarea should trigger binding update.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("Start")
+      textarea_elt = Textarea(name="textarea_name")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(textarea_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return textarea_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("Start")
+    
+    testable_textarea = user.find_element("textarea")
+    testable_textarea.append(" + More")
+    user.should_see("Start + More")
+  
+  def test_textarea_clear_works_with_binding(self, user, rt):
+    """
+    Clearing textarea should update binding to empty string.
+    """
+    
+    @rt("/")
+    def index():
+      data = Data("Content to clear")
+      textarea_elt = Textarea(name="textarea_name")
+      label_elt = Label()
+      mk.manage_binding(textarea_elt, Binding(data))
+      mk.manage_binding(label_elt, Binding(data))
+      return textarea_elt, label_elt
+    
+    user.open("/")
+    user.should_see("Content to clear")
+    
+    testable_textarea = user.find_element("textarea")
+    testable_textarea.clear()
+    user.should_not_see("Content to clear")